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| List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords or Diamonds recipients of the Waffen-SS ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords or Diamonds recipients of the Waffen-SS
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German language: ''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes'') and its variants were the highest award in the military of the Third Reich. During or shortly after World War II, 457 German servicemen of the ''Waffen-SS'', including volunteers from Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands and Norway, received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Of these, 411 presentations were formally made and evidence of the award is still available in the German Federal Archives. One recipient, Hermann Fegelein, was court-martialed and executed on 29 April 1945. According to German law he was deprived of rank and all awards previously. Fegelein must therefore be considered a de facto but not de jure recipient. A further 46 Knight's Cross, nine Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and four Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords recipients are either lacking the evidence to sustain their listings or received the award under questionable legal terms. However, all of them were accepted by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (''Ordensgemeinschaft der Ritterkreuzträger des Eisernen Kreuzes e.V.'') as legitimate recipients.〔Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.〕
==Background==
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573'' of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (ドイツ語:''Eisernes Kreuz''), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (ドイツ語:''Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes''). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.〔
〕 As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub''), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849'' of 3 June 1940. In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613'' of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern'') and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten''). At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (ドイツ語:''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten''), based on the enactment ドイツ語:''Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11'' of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.
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